Who Holds the Record · country brief · data as of 2026-10-01Who holds the health record in Montenegro?
In 2026, Montenegro scores 44 of 100 on a person's right to see, control and share their own health record: rank 75= of 196 countries (likely range 55 to 98), in the Weak band (25 to 44). Who holds the keys: Institutional. Source: Who Holds the Record, SuperTruth, data as of 2026-10-01.
Montenegrins see prescriptions and lab results online, but the 2026 central record still awaits the agency meant to run it, and patients cannot limit sharing.
Published · updated · data as of 2026-10-01 · research tool, not legal advice
Can I get my health records in Montenegro?
Access to the full record scores 60 of 100 in Montenegro, against a median of 43 across 196 countries. The 2010 patient rights law gives a right to see and copy the record, at the patient's cost and with no deadline. The eZdravlje portal shows prescriptions and primary care lab results but not hospital letters, so the score sits at the bottom of its band.
Can I control who sees my health record in Montenegro?
Control and consent scores 28 of 100 in Montenegro, against a median of 30 across 196 countries. By law, record data flows automatically into a central record held by the Ministry of Health, and treating clinicians may open it. No opt-out, no patient restriction tool and no access log visible to patients was found.
Eight rights, against Bosnia and Herzegovina, Monaco, North Macedonia and the EU
| Patient access to the full record20% | 60 | 50 · 50 · 60 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient control and consent20% | 28 | 32 · 35 · 28 | |
| Privacy and security15% | 40 | 52 · 58 · 42 | |
| Connected care journey15% | 50 | 45 · 32 · 52 | |
| Protection from commercial use10% | 40 | 50 · 52 · 48 | |
| Clinician access at the point of care10% | 42 | 42 · 35 · 50 | |
| Research and trial consent5% | 49 | 49 · 46 · 46 | |
| Clinical AI governance5% | 50 | 30 · 38 · 30 |
Black dot: Montenegro. Hollow dots: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Monaco, North Macedonia (scores on the right, same order). Grey line: median of all 196 countries. Dashed teal line: EU median. Overall: Montenegro 44, EU median 61. Scores move in steps of about 5; read the rank with its likely range.
What would Montenegro need to change to score higher?
Montenegro sits in Weak (25 to 44); Mixed starts at 45. The two rights furthest below the 196-country median, weighted, are privacy and security (40, median 45) and protection from commercial use (40, median 45). The published rubric reads:
- Privacy and security: Health-sector enforcement on the record: an independent regulator deciding health-data cases, breach notification and penalties applied.
- Protection from commercial use: Clear limits on selling health data or using it for marketing, covering apps and data brokers as well as providers.
Which laws give health record rights in Montenegro?
- Zakon o upravljanju podacima u oblasti zdravstva i digitalnom zdravlju (Sl. list CG 31/2026) (2026): Creates central EZK, IZIS duties, Digital Health Agency, pseudonymised secondary use and health AI principles.
- Zakon o pravima pacijenata (Sl. list CG 40/10, 40/11) (2010): Right to view and copy records at own cost; written, revocable consent for research.
- Zakon o zdravstvenoj zastiti (2025) (2025): Electronic records in IZIS, professional secrecy; IZIS articles apply two years after entry into force.
Strain and split context, not scored
- Doctors per 10,000
- 27.9 2024
- Nurses and midwives per 10,000
- 59.7 2024
- Private insurance + out-of-pocket
- 27.4% 2023
- Record reaches private care?
- unknown
Published stories
- 2025-10-31 · Portal ETV (from Pobjeda) Ombudsman holds hospital responsible after a patient's medical report surfaced in court
- 2026-09-24 · CdM Regulator orders hospital to stop filming patients in waiting areas and delete footage
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