Who Holds the Record · country brief · data as of 2026-10-02Who holds the health record in Italy?
In 2026, Italy scores 63 of 100 on a person's right to see, control and share their own health record: rank 11= of 65 countries, in the Mixed band (45 to 64). Who holds the keys: Shared. Source: Who Holds the Record, SuperTruth, data as of 2026-10-02.
Italians can hide documents and read who opened their regional record, but fewer than half let doctors see it.
Published · updated · data as of 2026-10-02 · research tool, not legal advice
Can I get my health records in Italy?
Access to the full record scores 68 of 100 in Italy, against a median of 62 across 65 countries. Law 24/2017 obliges providers to release records within seven days, and every regional FSE shows lab, discharge and ER reports. Italy scored 84.1 on the EU record-access indicator (EU 82.7), but the full hospital chart is online in only 6 of 21 regions.
Can I control who sees my health record in Italy?
Control and consent scores 72 of 100 in Italy, against a median of 52 across 65 countries. Clinicians may consult the FSE only after the patient gives explicit, revocable consent, and patients can hide any document online and read the access log, both available in all 21 regions. Documents still flow into the FSE automatically without consent.
Eight rights, against Belgium, Germany, Turkey and the EU
| Patient access to the full record20% | 68 | 68 · 64 · 74 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient control and consent20% | 72 | 72 · 66 · 62 | |
| Privacy and security15% | 56 | 54 · 58 · 50 | |
| Connected care journey15% | 66 | 68 · 66 · 80 | |
| Protection from commercial use10% | 60 | 54 · 70 · 55 | |
| Clinician access at the point of care10% | 50 | 62 · 62 · 64 | |
| Research and trial consent5% | 50 | 49 · 50 · 44 | |
| Clinical AI governance5% | 54 | 50 · 50 · 50 |
Black dot: Italy. Hollow dots: Belgium, Germany, Turkey (scores on the right, same order). Grey line: median of all 65 countries. Dashed teal line: EU median. Overall: Italy 63, EU median 61. Scores move in steps of about 5; gaps of 4 or less are ties.
What would Italy need to change to score higher?
Italy sits in Mixed (45 to 64); Strong starts at 65. The two rights furthest below the 65-country median, weighted, are clinician access at the point of care (50, median 58) and research and trial consent (50, median 49). The published rubric reads:
- Clinician access at the point of care: Treating clinicians able to see the full record across providers, under consent and emergency rules.
- Research and trial consent: A general opt-out that is honoured, or dynamic or opt-in consent, with a public register of research uses: 55 to 85.
Which laws give health record rights in Italy?
- Legge 8 marzo 2017, n. 24 (Gelli-Bianco), art. 4 (2017): Facilities must supply the patient's records within seven days, additions within 30 days.
- Decreto-legge 18 ottobre 2012, n. 179, art. 12, as amended by DL 19 maggio 2020, n. 34, art. 11 (2012): Creates the FSE; since 2020 it is fed continuously by all treating professionals.
- Decreto 7 settembre 2023, Fascicolo sanitario elettronico 2.0 (2023): Consent to consultation, masking, access log, notifications and emergency access rules for the FSE.
Strain and split context, not scored
- Doctors per 10,000
- 53.1 2023 · OECD 4 of 38
- Nurses and midwives per 10,000
- 71.0 2023 · OECD 25 of 38
- Private insurance + out-of-pocket
- 26.0% 2023 · OECD 14 of 35
- Record reaches private care?
- partial
"Emilia-Romagna now shows reports from out-of-region care and is adding private provider documents"
Published stories
- 2026-09-11 · Garante per la protezione dei dati personali Health authority fined after a colleague opened a staff member's patient record
- 2025-12-18 · Garante per la protezione dei dati personali Clinic warned after sending a patient's test report to the wrong email address
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