Who Holds the Record · country brief · data as of 2026-10-01Who holds the health record in Malaysia?
In 2026, Malaysia scores 43 of 100 on a person's right to see, control and share their own health record: rank 79= of 196 countries (likely range 60 to 105), in the Weak band (25 to 44). Who holds the keys: Institutional. Source: Who Holds the Record, SuperTruth, data as of 2026-10-01.
Malaysia is digitising public care toward one record per person, but its data law exempts the government hospitals most patients use.
Published · updated · data as of 2026-10-01 · research tool, not legal advice
Can I get my health records in Malaysia?
Access to the full record scores 40 of 100 in Malaysia, against a median of 43 across 196 countries. The PDPA right to a copy in 21 days (fee up to RM30) binds only private providers; government facilities issue a medical report, not the record. MySejahtera shows parts (base 45, minus 5 fee, minus 5 scope, plus 5 portal).
Can I control who sees my health record in Malaysia?
Control and consent scores 45 of 100 in Malaysia, against a median of 30 across 196 countries. Since August 2026 a ministry guideline lets patients withdraw consent, by written notice, for sharing their data with other health workers. Consent for care is implied, records are shared across government facilities, and a log patients can see was not verified.
Eight rights, against Brunei, China, India and the EU
| Patient access to the full record20% | 40 | 35 · 35 · 55 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient control and consent20% | 45 | 30 · 30 · 50 | |
| Privacy and security15% | 48 | 40 · 45 · 35 | |
| Connected care journey15% | 38 | 65 · 60 · 45 | |
| Protection from commercial use10% | 50 | 40 · 38 · 35 | |
| Clinician access at the point of care10% | 32 | 62 · 50 · 35 | |
| Research and trial consent5% | 46 | 46 · 49 · 46 | |
| Clinical AI governance5% | 45 | 30 · 62 · 55 |
Black dot: Malaysia. Hollow dots: Brunei, China, India (scores on the right, same order). Grey line: median of all 196 countries. Dashed teal line: EU median. Overall: Malaysia 43, EU median 61. Scores move in steps of about 5; read the rank with its likely range.
What would Malaysia need to change to score higher?
Malaysia sits in Weak (25 to 44); Mixed starts at 45. The two rights furthest below the 196-country median, weighted, are patient access to the full record (40, median 43) and clinician access at the point of care (32, median 34). The published rubric reads:
- Patient access to the full record: A national portal showing at least part of the record (summary, prescriptions, labs) to most residents puts access at 60 to 75; a near-full record with export, long history and majority use, 76 to 90.
- Clinician access at the point of care: Treating clinicians able to see the full record across providers, under consent and emergency rules.
Which laws give health record rights in Malaysia?
- Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (Act 709) (2010): Health is sensitive data needing explicit consent; access right; does not apply to federal or state government.
- Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2024 (Act A1727) (2024): Adds breach notification, data protection officers, data portability and fines up to RM1 million; phased in 2025.
- Private Healthcare Facilities and Services Act 1998 (Act 586) (1998): Licenses private hospitals; the private hospital PDPA code of practice applies to them.
Strain and split context, not scored
- Doctors per 10,000
- 22.7 2024
- Nurses and midwives per 10,000
- 40.3 2024
- Private insurance + out-of-pocket
- 48.4% 2023
- Record reaches private care?
- unknown
Published stories
- 2025-04-18 · Malaysian Medical Council Medical council suspends doctor who posted a patient's details on a clinic Facebook page
- 2025-04-18 · Malaysian Medical Council Doctor reprimanded for posting a patient's confidential information on social media
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